![]() A data accumulation of order ten years or more would be needed. ( 2008) show that it may be possible to measure some aspects of the core-mantle transition region with the IceCube detector currently under construction at the South Pole (Karle et al., 2007). The measurement depends on several factors: the zenith angle dependence of neutrino production in the atmosphere, the differential neutrino cross section as a function of energy, properties of muon propagation in the medium surrounding the detector and the angular and energy resolution of the detector. She has been underground at three of the largest particle accelerators in the world and would really like to know what the heck dark matter is.In principle atmospheric neutrinos can be used to measure the density profile of the Earth (integrated along a chord) by comparing the observed rate of upward-moving neutrino-induced muons as a function of zenith angle with what is produced in the atmosphere. In 2018, Calla left to join NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory media team where she oversees astronomy, physics, exoplanets and the Cold Atom Lab mission. Calla studied physics at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and is originally from Sandy, Utah. Previously, Calla worked at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City (hands down the best office building ever) and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in California. From 2010 to 2014 she was a producer for The Physics Central Podcast. Prior to joining Calla worked as a freelance writer, with her work appearing in APS News, Symmetry magazine, Scientific American, Nature News, Physics World, and others. ![]() She enjoys writing about black holes, exploding stars, ripples in space-time, science in comic books, and all the mysteries of the cosmos. ![]() Researchers can use the signal to measure the energy of the original neutrino and the direction it came from.Ĭalla Cofield joined 's crew in October 2014. Those particles generate light in the IceCube assembly, which the detector picks up. When neutrinos are absorbed by or collide with particles of regular matter, the interaction produces showers of secondary particles. Collectively, the strings and the detectors take up 0.24 cubic miles (1 cubic km) of ice, located 1 mile (1.6 km) beneath the geographic South Pole. The IceCube observatory consists of an array of 5,160 basketball-sized detectors, spaced out evenly along 86 "strings" that are dropped down into boreholes in the ice. "We were of course hoping for some new physics to appear, but we unfortunately find that the Standard Model, as usual, withstands the test," Halzen said in the statement. A result that appears to contradict the Standard Model could indicate that scientists had stumbled into "new physics," or an aspect of the universe that has not yet been predicted. Those values are predicted by the Standard Model of Physics, which is the most accurate model that scientists have put together of how the physical world should behave. The rate at which neutrinos should interact with regular matter, based on the neutrinos' energy, is called the neutrino cross section. The IceCube scientists "found that there were fewer energetic neutrinos making it all the way through the Earth to the IceCube detector than from less obstructed paths, such as those coming in at near-horizontal trajectories," officials said in the statement from the collaboration. ![]() The IceCube Lab with the South Pole station in the background. ![]()
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